Space exploration is the use of astronomy and space technology to explore outer space.While the exploration of space is carried out mainly by astronomers with telescopes, its physical exploration though is conducted both by uncrewed robotic space probes and human spaceflight. Space exploration, like its classical form astronomy, is one of the main sources for space science.
The Sun is a major focus of space exploration. Being above the atmosphere in particular and
Earth's
magnetic field gives access to the solar wind and infrared and ultraviolet radiations that
cannot
reach Earth's surface.
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Venus was the first target of interplanetary flyby and lander missions and, despite one of the most
hostile surface environments in the Solar System, has had more landers sent to it than any other
planet in the Solar System.
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The Moon was the first celestial body to be the object of space exploration. It holds the
distinctions of being the first remote celestial object to be flown by, orbited, and landed upon by
spacecraft, and the only remote celestial object ever to be visited by humans.
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The exploration of Mars has been an important part of the space exploration programs of the Soviet
Union (later Russia), the United States, Europe, Japan and India. Dozens of robotic spacecraft,
including orbiters, landers, and rovers, have been launched toward Mars since the 1960s.
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